Such diets are more affordable than are prudent diets based on lean meats, fish, fresh vegetables, and fruit. ![]() A reduction in diet costs in linear programming models leads to high-fat, energy-dense diets that are similar in composition to those consumed by low-income groups. Fourth, poverty and food insecurity are associated with lower food expenditures, low fruit and vegetable consumption, and lower-quality diets. Third, the high energy density and palatability of sweets and fats are associated with higher energy intakes, at least in clinical and laboratory studies. Second, there is an inverse relation between energy density (MJ/kg) and energy cost ($/MJ), such that energy-dense foods composed of refined grains, added sugars, or fats may represent the lowest-cost option to the consumer. First, the highest rates of obesity occur among population groups with the highest poverty rates and the least education. Evidence is provided to support the following points. This review focuses on the relation between obesity and diet quality, dietary energy density, and energy costs. ![]() Many health disparities in the United States are linked to inequalities in education and income.
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